Spacetime & Substance
International Physical Journal

CONTENTS of No. 2(7)-2001

Afsar Abbas. ON THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE (49)

Arbab I. Arbab. THE EVOLVING UNIVERSE AND THE PUZZLING COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS (51)

Arbab I. Arbab. LARGE SCALE QUANTIZATION AND THE ESSENCE OF THE COSMOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (55)

W.B.Belayev. COSMOLOGICAL MODEL WITH MOVEMENT IN FIFTH DIMENSION (63)

L.C.Garcia de Andrade. METRIC AND DENSITY PERTURBATIONS IN WORMHOLE GEOMETRY WITH SPIN-TORSION DENSITY IN FRW UNIVERSES AND THE VIOLATION OF THE WEC (66)

M.E.X.Guimaraes, L.P.Colatto and F.B.Tourinho. ON THE WEAK-FIELD APPROXIMATION IN GENERALIZED SCALAR-TENSOR GRAVITIES (71)

V.L.Kalashnikov. X-MATTER INDUCED COSMOLOGICAL SCENARIOS IN THE RELATIVISTIC THEORY OF GRAVITY (75)

Jozef Sima and Miroslav Sukenik. BLACK HOLES - ESTIMATION OF THEIR LOWER AND UPPER MASS LIMITS STEMMING FROM THE MODEL OF EXPANSIVE NONDECELERATIVE UNIVERSE (79)

V. R. Kurbanova and A. B. Balakin. EXACTLY INTEGRABLE MODEL OF DYNAMICS OF VECTOR BOSONS AND BIREFRINGENCE INDUCED BY CURVATURE (82)

I.M.Galitsky. ABOUT NEW PHYSICS (PRINCIPLES) (84)

DISCUSSION. (95)

It has been proven recently that the Standard Model of particle physics has electric charge quantization built into it. It has also been shown by the author that there was no electric charge in the early universe. Further it is shown here that the restoration of the full Standard Model symmetry ( as in the Early Universe ) leads to the result that `time', `light', along with it's velocity c and the theory of relativity, all lose any physical meaning. The physical Universe as we know it, with its space-time structure, disappears in this phase transition. Hence it is hypothesized here that the Universe came into existence when the Standard Model symmetry $ SU(3)_C \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes U(1)_Y $ was spontaneously broken to $ SU(3)_C \otimes U(1)_{em} $. This does not require any spurious extensions of the Standard Model and in a simple and consistent manner explains the origin of the Universe within the framework of the Standard Model itself.

The Universe is found to have undergone several phases, in which the gravitational constant had different behaviors. During some epochs the energy density of the Universe remained constant and the Universe remained static. In the radiation dominated epoch the radiation field satisfies the Stefan's formula, while the scale factor varies linearly with time. The model enhances the formation of the structure in the Universe as observed today. A quark-hadron phase transition might have occurred in the early Universe.

We have investigated the implications of Quantum Mechanics to macroscopic scale. Evaporation of Black Holes and evolution of pulsars may be one of the consequences of this conjecture. The two equations $GM=Rc^2$ and $GM^2=\hbar c$, where $R$ and $M$ are the radius and the mass of the Universe, are governing the evolution of the Universe throughout its entire cosmic expansion, provided that the appropriate Planck constant is chosen. The existence of very large values of physical quantities are found to be due to cosmic quantization. We predict a constant acceleration of the order $10^{-7}\rm \ cm\cdot s^{-2}$ acting on all objects at the present time.

Presented cosmological model is 3D brane world sheet moved in extra dimension with variable scale factor. Analysis of the geodesic motion of the test particle gives settle explanation of the Pioneer effect. It is found that for considered metric the solution of the semi-classical Einstein equations with various parameters conforms to isotropic expanded and anisotropic stationary universe.

Metric and torsion perturbations in wormhole geometry with spin-torsion density are consider.Two simple examples are given of zero density and zero tidal forces wormholes where metric and spin-torsion density perturbations lead to wormholes where spin-torsion increases tremendously as the wormhole throat vanishes.In the last example radial perturbations and metric perturbations allow us to find a solution for the wormhole.We argue that the introduction of spin-torsion density as exotic matter may avoid the total collapse of the wormhole and induces a gravitational stability of the wormhole throat. Spin-torsion effects are shown to be important only for miniwormholes where lenghts are of the order of the Planck lenght.An example is aldo given of a dynamical wormhole where density perturbations are compute and a growing and a decaying mode for the wormhole is obtained.Some contraints on the wormhole lead to a solution of the Einstein-Cartan (EC) gravity field equations corresponding to an open or closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models.A final example is given where we show that the time interval in which the WEC is violated is increased by the presence of spin-torsion content of the wormhole which agrees with previous conclusions by Hochberg and Visser for other models with torsion.

In the paper \cite{bar}, Barros and Romero demonstrated that, in the weak-field approximation, solutions to the Brans-Dicke equations are related to the solutions of General Relativity for the same matter distributions. In the present work, we enphasize this result and we extend it to for generalized scalar-tensor theories in which the parameter $\omega$ is no longer a constant but an arbitrary function of the (gravitational) scalar field.

It was shown, that the presence of the so-called X-matter with an equation of state, which lies between limits of the strong and weak energy conditions, allows the variety of the cosmological scenarios in the relativistic theory of gravity. In spite of the fixed negative sign of the cosmological term in the field equations, it is possible to obtain the solutions with accelerated and complicated loitering expansion of the universe. The numerical estimation of the universe's age agrees with the modern observational data if the upper limit of the graviton's mass is $10^{-71}$

In this contribution, the thermodynamics of black holes is treated by the model of Expansive Nondecelerative Universe (ENU). Based on entropy considerations and localization of gravitational energy, estimation of both the lower and upper mass limits of black holes is given. Both mass limits are time dependent.

The interaction of vacuum with spacetime curvature is known to lead to birefringence phenomenon when an electromagnetic waves propagate in the gravitational wave (GW) background. Earlier this type of birefringence has been described in terms of solutions of Maxwell equations. We consider an alternative approach, based on the investigation of dynamic model, which includes two subsystems, first, the evolution equations for the photon four-momentum vector, second, the evolution equation for the polarization four-vector of the photon. This model is shown to be an exactly integrable, when we consider the non-linear GW as a spacetime background. The exact formulae for the particle four-momentum and the polarization four-vector are represented in quadratures, depending on the Riemann tensor and its derivatives. The particle four-momentum happens to be the function of initial data for the polarization four-vector, i.e. in the presented model the photon energy depends on polarization. It is the typical property of birefringence phenomenon, thus, we conclude that the dynamic description of birefringence is adequate to electrodynamic one.

Opportunity to express the basic units of measurements (physics) in stationary values $h$ and $c$ as a result of the solution ``problems of time'' is received. The new quantum-mechanical effect of the mass-oscillations of particles is predicted. The substantiations of postulates about $h = const$ and $c = const$ are given. A complete series of stable fermions (known and expected) and complete series of the kind, relevant to them, of interactions (known and expected) is received. The opportunity of the problem solution the nature of mass is shown. The prerequisites of a physical substantiation of mathematics (physmatics) is received. The substantiation of the charging asymmetry Universe ``substance'' --- ``antimatter'', and also its large-scale isotropy is given.